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        <title><![CDATA[@Docteur Panacek - blog]]></title>
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        <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek</link>
        <lastBuildDate>Thu, 30 Apr 2026 04:55:58 -0700</lastBuildDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[The Curious Case of Mary Toft (1726) - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/303/the-curious-case-of-mary-toft-1726</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/303</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[ If anyone ever doubts the seriousness and the adequate medical skills of my 18th century colleagues, well... they have every right to do so. In my continuous journey into the History of Ancient Medicine, i found a splendid article concerning a famous 18th century medical Hoax.  Let me raise the curtains of the stage and present you the curious case of Mary Toft, the woman who gave births to... rabbits...   The Curious Case of Mary Toft (1726)   In September 1726, news reached the court of King George I of the alleged birth of several rabbits to Mary Toft (1703-1763) of Godalming, near Guildford, in Surrey.  Toft was a twenty-five year old illiterate servant, married to Joshua Toft, a journeyman clothier. According to reports, despite having had a miscarriage just a month earlier in August 1726, Mary had still appeared to be pregnant. On September 27th, she went into labour and was attended initially by her neighbour Mary Gill, and then her mother in law Ann Toft. She gave birth to something resembling a liverless cat.  The family decided to call on the help of Guildford obstetrician John Howard. He visited Mary the next day where he was presented with more animal parts which Ann Toft said she had taken from Mary during the night. The following day, Howard returned and helped deliver yet more animal parts. Over the next month Howard recorded that she began producing a rabbit's head, the legs of a cat, and, in a single day, nine dead baby rabbits.  Howard sent letters to some of England's greatest doctors and scientists and the King's secretary, informing them of the miraculous births.     The curious King dispatched two men to investigate to see what they could ascertain about this case: Nathaniel St. Andr, Swiss surgeon-anatomist to the King and Samuel Molyneux, secretary to the Prince of Wales.  By now, news had spread and Mary was a local celebrity which necessitated moving her from Godalming to nearby Guildford so that she could be monitored more closely by John Howard. On November 15th St. Andr and Molyneux arrived at Howard's home in Guildford and were immediately greeted with the news that Mary was in labour with her fifteenth rabbit. Toft gave birth to several more dead rabbits in their presence.  The doctors conducted examinations on the lungs and other internal organs of these rabbits, the results of which showed that they probably did not develop inside Mary's womb. St. Andr, however, still seemed convinced that her case was genuine. He believed that these were indeed supernatural births, and took some of the rabbit specimens back to London to show the King and the Prince of Wales.  As the story of Mary Toft quickly spread through London, the King decided to send a German surgeon, Cyriacus Ahlers, and his friend Mr. Brand to Guildford to investigate the matter further. Ahlers examined Mary and witnessed several of her rabbit births; however, he was not convinced. On examination of the rabbit parts he had taken back to London, Ahlers found that the dung pellets in the rectum of one of the rabbits contained corn, hay and straw, which proved that it could not have developed inside Mary. Ahlers reported back to the King on November 21st that he suspected a hoax with Mary Toft and John Howard in collusion and showed these rabbit specimens as evidence.  Meanwhile, Sir Richard Manningham (1690-1759) - an eminent doctor and midwife among upper class society in London - was contacted by St Andr to attend upon Mary Toft. After observing her and seeing her give birth to what he believed was a hog's bladder, he also seemed unconvinced. But he was persuaded to keep his doubts to himself by Howard and St. Andr until there was proof of any fraud. Howard and St. Andr were trying to save their reputations in the light of what Ahlers had concluded.  The story came to the attention of the press and caused a national sensation. Interest in monstrosities and willingness to pay to see them was common in Europe in the mid 18th century. It is not hard to see why a poor family like the Tofts saw a way to make money with what seems, at first, a ridiculous scheme, as monstrous or deformed people had been exhibited, at a price, all over Europe for hundreds of years, with poor and wealthy alike equally fascinated.  Mary Toft's explanation for her strange births was that, in April 1726, she had been working in a field and was startled by a rabbit. She, and another woman, ran after it, and but could not catch it. They also failed to catch another rabbit that they had chased. "That same Night she dreamt she was in a Field with those two Rabbets in her Lap, and awakened with a sick Fit, which lasted till Morning; from that time, for above three months, she had a constant and strong desire to eat Rabbits, but being very poor and indigent could not procure any."     St Andr published his account of the affair,  A Short Narrative of an Extraordinary Delivery of Rabbets  on 3rd December 1726. Dr. James Douglas (1675-1742), the respected anatomist and man midwife, read the draft of this book and declared it 'nothing but a collection of impossibilities'.  'Maternal impression', according to medical theory, was a phenomenon that explained the existence of birth defects and congenital disorders. The theory was that an emotional stimulus experienced by a pregnant woman (such as Mary's rabbit dreams and her desire for rabbit meat) could influence the development of the foetus. Mental problems, such as depression or schizophrenia were believed to be a manifestation of similar feelings in the mother. For instance, a woman who experienced great sadness whilst pregnant might imprint depressive tendencies onto the foetus she was carrying.  A famous example of this theory is the case of Joseph Merrick (1862-1890), the so-called Elephant Man.He wrote in his autobiographical pamphlet 'The deformity which I am now exhibiting was caused by my mother being frightened by an Elephant; my mother was going along the street when a procession of Animals was passing by, there was a terrible crush of people to see them, and unfortunately she was pushed under the Elephant's feet, which frightened her very much; this occurring during a time of pregnancy was the cause of my deformity'. The fact that he was able to say this as if it were a literal fact is quite a telling example of how many people still believed in this theory in the mid to late 19th century. Five months after the Mary Toft affair was exposed as a hoax, James Blondel published his  The Strength of Imagination in Pregnant Women Examin'd  in which he challenged the belief in the prenatal influence of the imagination. The debate he started continued well into the next century.  On November 29th, Mary Toft was brought to Lacy's Bagnio (bath house) in London's Leicester Fields, where she could be observed more closely. St Andr contacted Dr. James Douglas and asked him to come to the bagnio to observe Mary's rabbit births.  By the time Douglas arrived, he found himself in the company of a large crowd of doctors and medical men who had been summoned by St. Andr. Unfortunately for St. Andr, who was desperate to have Douglas validate the rabbit births, Douglas believed the whole affair to be a fraud.     Between 30th November and 3rd December, opinion was divided among the medical men gathered there. Mary produced no more new rabbits, but continued to appear to go into labour. She was also badly infected and had fits which made her lose consciousness.  Shortly thereafter, a porter at Mr. Lacy's bagnio was caught trying to sneak a rabbit into Mary Toft's room. He confessed to Douglas and Manningham that Margaret Toft (Mary's sister-in-law) had asked him to procure the smallest rabbit he could find. Manningham and Douglas were determined to obtain a confession of guilt from Mary but decided to see if she would incriminate herself. They didn't have long to wait as she went into labour on 4th December but produced nothing. On that evening they called Sir Thomas Clarges, Justice of the Peace, to the bagnio. The porter, Thomas Howard, swore a deposition before him and Clarges immediately took Mary into custody for questioning but she would admit nothing. Over the next two days, much pressure was put upon her to confess but Mary held out until Sir Richard Manningham threatened to perform painful experimental surgery on her to see if she was formed differently from other women. Toft was forced to admit on 7th December 1726 that she had manually inserted dead rabbits into her vagina and then allowed them to be removed as if she were giving birth.  In several different confessions, she implicated a mysterious stranger, the wife of the organ grinder, her mother in law, and John Howard.  On the 9th December, Mary Toft was charged with being a "Notorious and Vile Cheat" and sent to Bridewell prison where, allegedly, she was exhibited to large, curious crowds by her warders.  In the aftermath of the hoax, the medical profession suffered a great deal of mockery for what the public viewed as its gullibility. On December 9th, St. Andr had an advertisement published in the  Daily Journal  to try and vindicate his own behaviour.  Doctors responded to the Toft affair in print as many were concerned that the episode had damaged the reputation, not only of the doctors involved, but of the profession as a whole.  One of the many tracts and pamphlets that appeared during the saga was  The Anatomist Dissected  by 'Lemuel Gulliver'. Jonathan Swift had published his satire  Gulliver's Travels  in 1726. This pamphlet claims that Lemuel Gulliver - "Surgeon and Anatomist to the Kings of Lilliput and Blefescu, and Fellow of the Academy of Sciences in Balnibarbi" - is its author.  The case also proved to be irresistible to contemporary artists. In this satirical print, William Hogarth pokes fun at the incompetence of the early 1700s medical profession. All the main characters in the Toft saga are featured, the doctors being shown as ignorant and credulous fools.  Many Britons were angry about the Hanoverian King's preference for German- speaking courtiers and physicians. This is amply demonstrated by the plethora of pamphlets and drawings that appeared in the wake of the Toft scandal, ridiculing St. Andr and the German court physicians and depicting them as gullible or, even worse, as charlatans.  Public interest in the case died out by around January of the following year, but the repercussions continued for those involved. For Sir Richard Manningham and James Douglas there had been temporary embarrassment regarding their close connection with the affair but their careers and reputations were secure.  St Andr  , however, lost favour with the court and, as his reputation plummeted, his patients deserted him. He retired from London and eventually died in poverty in an almshouse in Southampton. John Howard had to answer charges of being concerned in the 'Cheat and Conspiracy of Mary Toft' but the case against him was dropped and he remained a respected figure in Guildford.  As for Mary Toft, the case against her was dismissed, not for lack of proof of guilt, but probably because of the further embarrassment to the establishment that would ensue if the case were pursued any further. She spent a few months in jail then returned to relative obscurity. In the years that followed the scandal, the Duke of Richmond (who had a residence near Godalming) sometimes showed her at dinner parties for the curiosity of his guests. In April 1740 Mary was charged with receiving stolen goods and committed to the House of Correction in Guildford but was later acquitted by the jury. She died on 13th January 1763. The London papers' obituary columns announced her death alongside those of peers and statesmen.     * * *  The complete original article can be found here:   http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/aug2009.html   ]]></description>
                <pubDate>Wed, 23 May 2012 03:12:08 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Finally arrived at St. Nazaire - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/297/finally-arrived-at-st-nazaire</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/297</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Loire - Atlantique, 14th of May 1770Dear diary,We finally arrived at the harbor of St. Nazaire. Here we are going to take a ship that will bring us to Flanders.It was a long journey, and it took us several days by carriage to travel over 350 kilometers from la Chasseresse to the harbor. We didn't only took most of our possessions with us, but Stormy also insisted to take along our cow. I tried to talk it out of her stubborn mind, but you know my Stormy. If she has decided something then no one in the whole world can prevent that anymore. So that damm cow came with us. She even gave her a name: "Courtsie". Can you imagine that? Anyway she is extremely fond of that animal. After reading a book about the habits of an old Egyptian queen, she began to think Courtsie's milk is special and now she wants to drink it every day. She even washes herself with it, because "it makes her skin soft and moisturized". Personally i think its because that cow once licked some whiskey from my still. I had the biggest trouble keeping that dammm cow out of my barn the next weeks...So our journey was a bit slowed down. Courtsie has inspected every flower bed and herb garden we found along the way. I will never forget the day that bloody farmer wanted to stick us all on his pitchfork, because Courtsie ate all his crops... My God, never knew a cow could run that fast !!!We saw some nice little houses along the way. I just could prevent Stormy from buying a little mansion in Chenonceaux... Promised her we would come back after we visited my family (she wont forget that, i am sure..., maybe we can take another road back?).We also visited a lotta taverns. After all one can not sleep outside can we? The white wine they make along the Loire river is remarkable. It always tastes like ... "more". And yes, as you could have guessed, I had the biggest trouble keeping our cow outside the tavern. She behaved only after i started treatening to sell her to the tavernkeeper so he could put her on the menu.I am looking forward to see my parents and family back. And of course i do hope we will be in time to see my dear friend Abb Abelard before he passes away. Stormy is afraid mom will bring up the subject of "children". Mom always believed a strong offspring is important. Its her religious nature i think, or maybe her motherly nature... Although that last one was sometimes rather harsh. If you are puzzled here, well just imagine that her rolling pin was her favorite "educational tool". No wonder we Panaceks have a hard skull.At St. Nazaire's harbor quarters we were send to a local tavern "The talking one legged Parrot" to meet someone that would take us to Flanders. In the smokey interior we were introduced to someone called "Capt'n Jax". After some bargaining and a few bottles of rum we agreed on the price. Stormy told me later on he reminded her of a pirate. Must have been his eyepad? With half of the French fleet sunk in the seven year war we can't afford to be picky. Tomorrow we will set sail to Antwerp. Flanders here we come !!! Meeeuuuhhhh!!! (Courtsie, stop that !!!)P.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 14 May 2012 02:22:29 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Bad news. - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/296/bad-news</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/296</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Tourraine, 7th of May 1770.Dear diary,I received a letter from my cousin Jan in Flanders regarding some bad news. It seems Abb Abelard, my dear friend who once learned me to write and read, is dying. Of course he has already a respectable age, and lived a good life, but still... It nevertheless moved my heart. Father Abelard has the wish to see me before he goes to Heaven.I owe him a lot. After all it was he who noticed so long ago that i, although being a streetkid, had some intellectual qualities. It was he who came to my mom and asked her if he could give me some education. Mom always yelled at us, "that we were doomed to become like that useless father of ours", but nevertheless at that very moment she was as proud as a (giant) peacock (and showed that immediatly by hitting me on the head and yelling that she agreed, but if i ever would get 'fancy manners' she would kick me some reason in my useless brains). The fact that she secretly blowed her nose in that gigantic apron of hers made me realize that she was emotionally moved.Anyway, thanks to the Abb i learned to read and write and set my first steps on the long path of medicine. I told my beloved wife that we have no other alternative than packing and going on a long journey back to Flanders, to grant that last wish of my dear friend. Most of our belongings are already packed in my well known crates and we are ready to leave la Chasseresse.Lets hope we will arrive in time (at this point i must admit that Stormy is a bit afraid to finally meet my parents).P.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 07 May 2012 02:29:16 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[About some curious artifact, called "The Chatelaine". - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/278/about-some-curious-artifact-called-the-chatelaine</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/278</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[    A few days ago i was watching a show on the Dutch television, called "Between art and kitsch", where people can show their "treasures" to some experts, and let them give their opinion about the value of the items. Off course there is quite a bit of trash people find in their attic, thinking that it's priceless stuff... But sometimes people come there with little gems.<br> <br> One man showed an 18th century watch to an expert, that was quite a nice collection item. It was all gold with a few diamonds in the clock-hands, and it looked nice. But what immediatly attracted the attention of the expert was the chain that the watch was once attached to.  Well ladies and gentlemen, here the story begins to get interesting. It was a very strange but extremely beautiful piece of jewellery. I had never seen such an item before. The expert called it a "Chatelaine".  He explained that it was a decorative belt hook or clasp worn at the waist with a series of chains suspended from it. Each chain was mounted with a useful household appendage such as scissors, thimble, watch, key, vinaigrette, household seal, etc.  I looked it up at the infamous Wikipedia and found the following explanation. The name chatelaine derives from the French term chtelaine which meant the female owner, or wife of the owner, of a large house. Originally the chatelaine was designed to have all the tools necessary for the woman of the household to sort out any problem she may encounter in her day, like a fraying curtain. However, over time the chatelaine and the objects it held evolved from being a purely utilitarian object into a decorative symbol that reflected the status of the wearer. And yes, some of them seemed to be exclusive pieces of jewellery. In the 18th century, it was sometimes also called it an equipage,   Let me show you some nice examples:        Antique-Watch, c. 1750; cast gilt metal chatelaine with a chased and engraved representations of musical instruments. Gilt clip buckle suspending three further oval cartouches and two short chains. Swivel latches with hinge and threaded safety ring. Suspended from the chains a gilt and rock crystal swivel seal, silver gilt hinged glazed locket and a cast silver Madonna and child.       Louvre OA8394, a gold watch and chatelaine covered in roses, Paris, 1750-1752       Malmaison N.104, the chatelaine of Empress Josephine, end of the 18th century.  To conclude i show you a nice painting from an unknown French 18th century artist, depicting "Two ladies, one holding a fan and the other a rose" At their belt you can clearly see their chatelaines.  I do hope you enjoyed this little article, about an artifact that i had never heared of, but seemed to be very common in our beloved 18th century.  With sincere greeting, Dr. P. Panacek, War Surgeon.      ]]></description>
                <pubDate>Tue, 29 Nov 2011 09:34:50 -0800</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Captain's log, date 16th of March 1769 - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/229/captains-log-date-16th-of-march-1769</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/229</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[ Yesterday Stormy and i took a day off to go to the harbor and watch the ships. Justlike i always used to dowhen i was a kid, back at the port of Antwerp. It was a beautiful and sunny day. I really hoped toclimb ona ship and do some sailing myself. Cousin Bedrich sended us a note we could try out the ships if we wanted to. Well, no need to tell you that he didn't needed to say that TWICE !       Once arrived at the harbor, off course we choose the LARGEST ship we could find, to try it out. Honestly, wouldn't you have done the same?           Likei said,it was a nice day and i feltgood being a Capt'n. At days like these i envy Fletch, who seems to do this for a living.  Stormy looked great in her green spring dress. She readed the maps as my navigational officer. At a certain moment she told me to turnright(starboard in correct nautical terms) to sail into the sea canal to go to the Provence Region. But somehow... the canal didn't actually fitted the boat... I really have to go and complain with the harbor management. It's a scandal !!It'soutrageous...       Finallyi managed to put the whole thing in it's reverse and sailed further to the get into the open seas.  You would not believe how bad people can steer and follow rules these days. How do they actually got their sailing license anyway?  At a certain moment we saw another ship coming from the left side... Can you believe it? He wouldn't stop !!! Did he never heared ofgiving priorityto someone who is coming from the right side???? Stupid British... always doing things the opposite way. Anyway... this Panacek didn't stop... No Mister...To bad for him...       Then Stormy had this brilliant idea of sailing to our home at Tourraine. I tried to steer into the delta of the Loire river... but that was obviously blockedby abridge.Whodesigns and builds this kind of bridges anyway? Ok, we had to face a dillema. Sawing off the top of the mast, or blowing up the bridge? I am sure cousin Bedrich wanted his ship back in one piece, so we decided to use some spare gunpowder to "clear" the problem.       Then Stormy spoke the legendary words "Houston, we have a problem"...facing our most difficultobstacle of the day. A waterfall in the wrong direction...  I can't tell you the details, but it involved abucket of paint and drawing the word "Salmon" at the place where the ships name was encarved...  So... With a big BANZAIIIIIII we crossed this pain in the *ss...       And... arrived home at La Chasseresse safe and sound... Ok, with the exception of some wet feet... But the main thing was that we made it. We boldly went where no ship was gone before... Hip hip hoorrraayyyyy !!!  And a bottle of rummmmmmmmmm.....                  * * *           Epilogue:     The other day i had to bring the ship back to the harbor, because my renting time was due. It took me a while to get it back where it belonged, but i finally made it in (almost) one piece. Though honesty obliges me to inform you that It wasn't easy to get it parked correctly... (Why do they make these parking lots so small????)    Better not to tell cousin Bedrich right away, before i haveinformed my insurance agent about this...              I hope you all enjoyed our adventures and be sure to be here next time for thefollowing episode called "Pekel goes ballooning".  Your sincerely, Dr. Panacek P. - War Surgeon. ]]></description>
                <pubDate>Wed, 16 Mar 2011 14:52:08 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Wow, they found my old companion handbook... - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/211/wow-they-found-my-old-companion-handbook</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/211</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[ I knew it... I knew it would take only a few hundreds of years before the dusty content of my crates would be discovered and would gain interest of historians, MD's and antique dealers...  I immediatly recognized this book as it was my kind companion during many years on the battlefield.  Every stain, every mark is still there... You can even see the imprint of my thumb on the right lower side of the pages... Emotion, Joy, Pure Delight.... Today's surgeons could learn so much from this old book...  *wipes off tear*  Ok, lets see what the actual press has to say about it...      Revealed: The 18th century guide to amputations, operations and other medical tips<br>   By  Daily Mail Reporter<br> Last updated at 1:13 PM on 28th January 2009  <br>          A 300-year-old medical guide which provides an eye-watering insight into how operations were carried before anaesthetic was invented has been uncovered.<br>     The pocket-sized book, which was written by French medical author Joseph Charriere in 1712, was regarded as a vital medical guide for surgeons in the 18th century.    The book, Treatise of the Operations of Surgery, sat gathering dust on a shelf in Staffordshire for years and was only re-discovered when handed into auctioneers last month.   <br>      One chapter gives graphic tips on what surgeons should do when amputating a leg and recommended patients bite down on a piece of wood for pain relief.<br>     The book suggests that when operating on a leg to 'cut quick with a crooked knife before covering the stump with the remaining skin.'      And as surgeons didn't have the benefit of sophisticated medical research and MRI scans to determine how to proceed with surgery the book suggests letting the weather decide.<br>       An extract reads: 'A favourable season for an operation is either Spring or Autumn. In the Spring, the blood is revived with greater heat whilst in the Autumn blood is calm.    'In the Winter the cold locks up the paws, hinders transpiration and the blood has not the vivacity required to animate our bodies.'        The rare guide also provided a lesson in stating the obvious, and advised that if the end of the tongue was cut off the patient would not be able to speak.<br>       It was recently shown to an auctioneer at a book valuation day by a 70-year-old man whose grandfather had owned it in the 19th century. The 6ins by 3ins book has been collecting dust on a shelf in the study of his home in Lichfield, Staffordshire.    It has been put up for sale at auction with a guide price of up to 300 and is due to go under the hammer on February 19.           Charles Hanson, of Hansons Auctioneers, said the book provided a fascinating insight into 18th century medical knowledge.      'The book was brought in to one of our valuation days,' he said. 'A member of the public came in with these old bibles and scriptures and encyclopaedia and at the bottom of the pile was this rather interesting little book.<br>     'Given its age, its condition is superb. The book would have proved invaluable to surgeons in its day - it would have been like a bible for them to use and refer to when operating.'<br>       Undergoing an operation was an extremely painful and deadly experience until ether anaesthetic was discovered in 1846.      The risk of dying from infection was greatly reduced from 1867 when Joseph Lister introduced carbolic acid as an effective anti-sceptic.<br>       The book states: 'If the wound be only in the flesh you may bathe it with brandy and cover the part with a compressed dip in a warm wine quickened with spir vini.      'If the wound is to the nervous parts you can dissolve sugar candy, camphire and myrrh in it.'<br>       Howard Ellis, professor of surgery at the Westminster Medical School and author of A History of Surgery, said having an operation was the very last resort for a patient in the 18th century.<br>     He said: 'Back then you would only submit to an operation if you were in agonising pain or if you had something that was going to kill you. Most people just refused to have surgery.    'Having a limb sawn off without anaesthetic is just unimaginable. The surgeon would probably have just said "stick with it, this is going to hurt", they may have had some wood to bite down on.<br>     'And yet having gone through that awful ordeal there was then a very high risk of death from infection.<br>     'The dates of 1846 and 1867 represented a tremendous revolution in surgery and not very much has changed since then, it is just more refined.'<br>       Prof Ellis said it was quite common for surgeons to write about their practises and medical students and fellow surgeons used their works as text books.<br>      <br><br> Read more:     http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1130463/Revealed-The-18th-century-guide-amputations-operations-medical-tips.html#ixzz16nhaP0M2        http://www.livescience.com/history/090128-medical-history.html    <br><br>       ]]></description>
                <pubDate>Tue, 30 Nov 2010 12:49:32 -0800</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Mysteries from Beyond the Grave - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/186/mysteries-from-beyond-the-grave</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/186</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[<br> With all these ghost stories and strange appearances in the Duchy... It may be necessary to tell about what Stormy and I discovered a few days ago. At first, I didn't wanted to mention it, but maybe now it might save some lives...<br><br> A few days ago we enjoyed a walk through our beloved Duchy, and ended up at Touraine Coeur Est, where we discovered an old graveyard.. We went in to enjoy the tranquility there... after a hard day of work...<br><br><br><br>     <br> As you know us, you are already aware that we only have eyes for each other, but somehow we suddenly noticed strange but beautiful apparitions. We started following them, but we could not stop feeling that someone or something was watching us....<br><br>     <br> Oh horror, Stormy and I stumbled upon this OPEN grave!!! (Fortunately, I caught her before she actually fell in.)<br> What could this mean? Grave robbers? Vandals? Or...???<br> Some horrifying thought struck us... what if this was the resting place of that Ghostly Creature we witnessed at the Opera house a few days ago???<br><br>     <br> What mystery hides in this old graveyard? What terrifying events have taken place at the Duchy in the past?<br> Who's restless soul is coming to haunt us? We wondered who this grieving lady might be, and who had left the fresh flowers here on this grave. The tombstone bore no name .....I had the feeling she was crying. A teardrop rolled down... or was it just dew?<br><br>     <br><br> We went back home... But i could not sleep that night... I couldn't escape the feeling a bad moon is rising...<br><br> Dr. Pekel Panacek, Chirurgien de Coeur.<br> ]]></description>
                <pubDate>Thu, 07 Oct 2010 16:06:49 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Diary entry, 21th of September 1768 - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/178/diary-entry-21th-of-september-1768</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/178</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Touraine, 21th of September 1768<br>Dear diary, I am so sorry for the fact that i havent written anything for over some months now. But I have been VERY busy lately.<br><br>My life was hectic. So many changes took place. Some wonderful, others more eh... sad<br><br>You know I wrote I thought I was falling in love? Well dear diary, believe me.. I did.<br>I met this lovely lady, Mademoiselle Stormy. She used to live in a nice cottage near the Mediterranean. I met her at Marias tavern, after my fight with the Mysterious Musketeer. A few days later I was walking in the Provence region as I noticed this lovely lady again, standing in her doorway and waving at me. Ok I must admit, someone had told me where I could find her so Our meeting wasnt entirely by chance We had a lovely talk. I found her very charming. And when I said goodbye, I did hope we would meet again.<br>Very big was my surprise that I got a letter the next day, where she apologized to me not having been a good host, because she didnt had offered me something to drink. So she asked if I wanted to come over and have a glass of champagne at her place. Can you imagine how I felt? Off course I accepted the invitation and when I saw her again I was sooo nervous I could only stumble some silly phrases Butit was the start of a great friendship. We had many nice and silly chats. I did liked her humor and jokes right away. And she was very sweet. I didnt dared to admit it, but I was falling in love<br>It wasnt till a friend of hers started to threaten me at the April Coeur fair, not to play with Stormys feelings that I realized there was something more going on. Could it be possible?Ow my God I had been blind. Something had happened I could not hope for in my wildest dreams My dear friend Stormy had fallen in love with me also.<br><br>Dear diary,<br>I lived in some kind of happy arousal for days in a row. That first REAL slow, that first REAL kiss The feeling of being in love, being loved by someone Words fail me to describe the state I was in those first days. We became closer every day. Our love grew deeper and deeper. It was the time one could see me run from Touraine to Provence and vice versa. The time we exchanged love letters by pidgeon, so that you could follow the poop trail all from my cottage to hers<br><br>And I am eternally grateful to Maria and Fletch that they granted me the permission to propose Stormy on their wedding day. I felt the luckiest man on earth that moment she accepted. It was a moment never to forget.<br>Now we are so many months further in time. At the 6th of September I married the most wonderful woman in the universe. We found ourselves a nice home. I moved all my stuff over from my old cottage to our new place. There I have a nice room to see my patients now. We have lots of animals at our domain: cows, pigs, geese Even a few bears have been spotted nearby.<br>Also a sad thing happened. My infirmire left us. She already acted from a distance for some weeks In the end she was very angry at me. She didnt wanted to stay. She accused me from running away from things, from hiding in my work. She went berserk and threw lots of ugly words at my head<br>Maybe she was jealous at Stormy? I dont know. Even now, the nature of women is still not very clear to me.<br><br>Well,enough sadness. A new era in my life has started. I am becoming a settled civilian after all. I guess my wondering days are over. Instead of sleeping in a haystack one can see me sit in the Royal Opera these days. I even have started to like wine and champagne instead of beer. Although I will never refuse a good pint of Ale.<br><br>To conclude, I think captain Evans would have been proud of me. Cheers brother, where ever you are now. I am sure you are looking upon me from the heavens and are wishing me all the luck in the world now.<br><br>P.<br>]]></description>
                <pubDate>Tue, 21 Sep 2010 09:51:17 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Letter to Mons. Federico Maria Giovanelli - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/151/letter-to-mons-federico-maria-giovanelli</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/151</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Tourraine, 5th of July 1768.<br><br>Letter to Mons. Federico Maria Giovanelli<br>From: Dr. P. Panacek<br><br>Monseigneur,<br><br>let me start by kneeling before you and kiss your ring as a sign of my respect for you and Our Holy Church.<br>First of all i do want to offer my condolences to the family of Soeur Maria Sofia and let them know i have said some prayers in rescue to her immortal soul. "Requiem ternam dona eis, Domine et lux perpetua luceat eis."<br><br>But the reason i write you this letter is from another dimension. With astonishment i have read your Bull "Communication to the Faithful following invasion of the convent in Dorsoduro and the murder of Suor Maria Sofia". Especially the following sentence has raised my eyebrow: "Reports that bodies of victims have been removed by curious and malicious foreigners have further upset His Excellency Most Reverend". Your excellency, i do have to object to these accusations. Yes indeed, i am the one who examined the body of the poor lady in question, and brought to light the foul circumstances of her death. But i did it on the explicit demand of Madame M. T. Milneaux - Vendramin. She is a noble Venetian woman, who's parents also have been murdered under awful circumstances, long time ago.<br><br>Monseigneur... This lady has been poisoned. Without my intervention, and that of my friends and co-workers, the awful truth would never have been discovered. I don't have to remind you that manslaughter is still a deathly sin. Without the techniques of modern science nobody would ever have known what happened to this poor woman. Her true identity is still unknown and nobody besides us has mourned or prayed for this unfortunate lady. Not like Soeur Maria Sofia, who had a caring family and the support of our Holy Church. Without our intervention she would have been buried in some anonymous mass grave. At least now she is buried in Holy Ground at the Duchy, with the support of our dear friend friar Wasar.<br><br>It makes me very sad you place me and my co-workers at the same level with the fearless criminal who brought an end to this womans life. Furthermore i have to explicitly declare that we have NO intention at all to desacrate the resting place of Sister Maria Sofia. The merely thought only is enough to make my stomach turn around. Monseigneur, i am a man of science, with a high personal feeling of honor, responsibility and duty, and certainly no ordinary grave robber. I never had, and will never have any evil intentions. So help me God.<br><br>But a word of warning is in order. Please don't forget monseigneur, there is still a killer on the loose. a disciple of Satan himself. Already two victims are counted, how many more must follow before the TRUE criminal is caught and brought to justice?<br>Let me quote Franois-Marie Arouet who's work i admire very much: "What is faith? Is it to believe that which is evident? No. It is perfectly evident to my mind that there exists a necessary, eternal, supreme, and intelligent being. This is no matter of faith, but of reason."<br>Monseigneur, let us focus ourselves on the very essence of this enigma. Let not only God be your guide, but also Reason, because it is God Himself who has gifted us with this precious ability to think and analyze. The real murderer must be brought to justice.<br><br>Please forgive me my argumentation, but with all do respect, i wanted this matter cleared out as soon as possible.<br><br>Again i kneel before you as a sign of respect for you and the Wisdom of Our Holy Church.<br><br><br>Your servant, Dr. P. Panacek, Chirurgien de Guerre.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 05 Jul 2010 10:39:08 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Final autopsy report regarding the body found in the Venetian Canal. - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/143/final-autopsy-report-regarding-the-body-found-in-the-venetian-canal</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/143</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Tourraine, 18th of June 1768.<br><br><br>Final autopsy report regarding the body found in the Canal.<br><br>From: Dr. P. Panacek, surgeon<br><br>To: Madame M. T. Milneaux - Vendramin.<br><br>Dear Madame,<br><br>I sincerely thank you for giving me the opportunity to examine the corpse found in the Venetian Canal near your palazzo. I am sending you a full report of my findings. One sign of warning must be mentioned: these results are puzzling and may even upset you.<br><br>The person brought to me was female, midst her twenties. She was dressed in a quite expensive and high quality gown, wich my dear fianc recognized as being designed by the famous designer Lady E. Luik from Paris. She was not wearing any jewellery.<br><br>First sight showed us a corpse who definitely bared the signs of being in the water for too long. The skin was all wrinkled and withered.<br>Her skin color was very pale, certainly a noble lady for sure, spending more hours inside the palazzo's than outside in the open air. One should expect a bit of a blue - greyish aspect of the skin, because we assumed that she was drown, but that sign was remarkably absent.<br>There was a clear state of rigor mortis. The body was cold. The expression on her face was one of great fear. What did she saw in her last minutes? What went on in her mind?<br>No other signs of injury could be found. No signs of bleeding, nor massive blood loss, also no signs of hematoma.<br><br>First i opened the thorax, taking a look at her lungs. They were both filled with water, what should emphasize the theory that the lady in question drowned.<br>Then i made an incision in the abdomen, revealing the intestines. I cut open the stomach and found the rests of her last meal, still intact. No signs of digestion already started. She ate some chicken, and tomatoes and drank some red wine.<br>The lady must have died quite short after having dinner. I took some samples and sended them to my new friend monsieur Eleas LeRoux, a promising medical student, apothecary, and herbalist who recently arrived at the Duch Du Coeur, for further examination.<br><br>Then suddenly something took my attention. I found traces of lipstick on her right inner thigh, and after closer examination i also found the same lipstick traces on the inside of her right ankle. Very strange indeed. Had she been with her lover just before the accident happened? Did they had dinner together?<br><br>But dear Madame, the most shocking fact came a bit later, when monsieur LeRoux came running to my practise in a state of high exaltation. He came telling me he found traces of arsenic in the remains of the mysterious lady's last dinner !!! He assured me that he had checked and double checked the results. He was quite clear about the fact that the food (or wine) contained a high dose of arsenic. I suggested him to take contact with sir Joshua, our potion-master to find out more details about the substance used.<br><br>Madame, these findings are clear. My conclusion is firm: the lady in question was poisoned, and probably fell (was pushed?) into the canal were she drowned...<br>The expression of fear on her face suggests the fact that she realized in her last moments the person who was with her wanted her death. Her former lover???<br><br>Madame, please warn the authorities... We have a coldblooded murderer among us....<br><br><br>Yours sincerely, Dr. P. Panacek.<br><br>]]></description>
                <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jun 2010 07:26:25 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Dear diary - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/120/dear-diary</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/120</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Aquitaine 13th of April 1768<br><br><br>Dear Diary,<br><br><br>its incredible to believe what strange events happened to me lately. For some wonderful reason, which i even don't dare to confident you, i think i finally found happiness in our beloved Duchy...<br><br>Since a few days i feel the urge to settle down, to end my days of wandering. Like i came to the end of my journey, and began to start another one, one i never ever dreamed that would happen. Like i am stepping into the great unknown... And... yes dear diary, this may seems strange, but i am HAPPY to take this step forward...<br><br>Well, lets stick to the bare facts, after all, i still am a scientist.<br>I exchanged my beloved haystack for a real home. Yes dear diary, don't be surprised, i rented a cottage at Touraine, at the lovely Loire Valley. It is a simple building, but i fell in love with it some time ago, when i came along on one of my long walks through the lovely Duchy. It was a farmer who rented it before me i guess. What has happened to him and his family? Have they emigrated to the New Colonies oversea? Did they die from the plague? Even the Duke himself could not solve this mystery. The former renters left without leaving a note. But they left their animals, so it looks like they fled in a hurry. When i first came in, a family of pigs had taken the cottage for their home. The cows where grazing at the backyard, and the once so beautiful garden had turned into a wilderness. It took me some days to clean it all up. Then i started to move in. I got some nice furniture from a merchant who imports them from the far city of Nantes. I still haven't unpacked all my crates though, so the house looks a bit of a mess... But for the first time in many years, i feel at home. Its nice to sleep in a real bed again, not with your head in the hay like i used to do for years. A soldier like myself doesn't needs much comfort, but my joints are hurting more and more each morning, so it looks that the years are finally catching in on me.<br>I soon hope to open my private practice there. Seeing patients at the monthly fair is ok, but i definitely need more income. I wonder if the town of Aquitaine has a smithy who can make me a sign to hang outside. The bare truth is, i have no money to rent a cabinet at the Academy i'm afraid. After all i am but only a simple Barber - Surgeon, with a lot of battlefront experience yes, but i am not an academic like dear colleague Adamski...<br><br>Last days, when i wake up in the morning, i hear the sounds of the forest behind my new home. The birds whistling their songs to celebrate the new spring. The flowers who are awakening after a long and hard winter. The trees who are blossoming. Long my soul hasn't seen such things of beauty. I am afraid I have seen too many men die in battle, i have seen too many foul wounds who would not heal. I still dream of captain Evans, who was like a brother to me, dying in my very arms. I remember his laughter, the beers we drank together at the taverns behind the battlefront, the girls we were chasing together (but never had any luck....). I remember his strength in command, leading us all into battle... one time to many.... Dear John, dear brother, i will never forget you.<br><br>But... all this seems like a far away and distant nightmare to me now. Its strange to find your pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It feels... I have no words to describe this... like a warm and fuzzy feeling inside me... Some feeling i have never experienced before... and never will ever after...<br><br>Dear diary? I think i am in love...<br><br>P.]]></description>
                <pubDate>Wed, 14 Apr 2010 07:26:02 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Dear Diary - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/110/dear-diary</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/110</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Aquitaine 16th of March 1768<br><br><br> Dear Diary,<br><br><br> What a week it has been.... First of all... i am alive... I can hardly believe it. Destiny can be cruel, guess my time hasn't come yet.<br> It seemed my wounds where merely superficial. It was just the shock that kept me trembling all week. My infirmire told me several times i was behaving strange. I assured her i was alright, but she would not believe me.<br><br> Well... that was the strangest fight i was ever into. So many great friends came along to support. The Gypsies where roaring angry at the Masked Chevalier. Even the Duke and the Duchesses their selves where present. I never felt that honored in my entire life.<br> From the first round on i was aware this Chevalier Mystre was a Master Swordsman. He could have killed me easily. But i felt that he was just teasing me, merely testing out my skills. After the second round he surely made up his mind. I'm sure he had already found out i had nothing to do with his past. His attention weakened and i even could score some points...<br> He left me to live another day. And... He saved my honor and my proud. Indeed he controlled the situation completely but made it so i didn't made a complete fool out of myself. Whatever the others may say or think... deep inside he his is a very noble man in my opinion. In other circumstances we even could have become friends.<br><br> After the fight we had a little party at the Tavern. I was euphoric... For the first time in ages i actually felt the warmth of the sun on my skin again... I smelled the sweet delicate perfume of roses... I felt.... ALIVE !!!!<br><br> Rumors have reached me, this mysterious masked man is hiding deep in the Duchy woods. Hunters have seen a strange person running away. Bloodstains where found on a tree bark... I feel for him. When we where fighting i felt his loneliness, his bitterness. Hatred, focused on one man he is willing to find... and kill. I am certain if he ever finds his opponent, his death is inevitable...<br> I wished i could help him, heal the wounds in his mind, listen to his story and give him advise to temper his feelings.<br> I hope some day he comes to me for help. I wanna thank him for sparing me...<br><br> I am sentenced to live... but i feel... he is sentenced for life...<br><br><br> P.<br><br> <br>       Waiting for the Chevalier Mystre.... <br>  <br>         The moment of truth...<br>    <br>       Party !!!<br>   <br> <br><br> ]]></description>
                <pubDate>Tue, 16 Mar 2010 05:44:12 -0700</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Dear Diary - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/106/dear-diary</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/106</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Aquitaine 08th of March 1768<br><br><br>Dear Diary,<br><br>I woke up with a slight headache I think Marias ale is too strong after all<br><br>What a weekend it was. I attended the Duchy Fair again. And such strange events took place<br>Saturday we had the finale of the Quest for the Queens Trumeau. When I arrived the team of Maria and Seamus just found the final part. A well earned victory indeed. They worked very hard for it and I am glad they made the end. We had a great celebration and I was happy to be there. It looks like I finally found a place I can call my home.<br><br>Yesterday the fortune teller readed the cards for me. Its creepy how some pieces fell on their place. Can it be true? After all I am a man of science, lets stick to the bare facts But still some sense of imminent danger came over me.<br><br>Certainly after an unknown man, wearing a mask, came at the fair and started to insult me. He called himself Le Chevalier Mystre. He challenged me for a duel to find out if I am the man he was looking for I can not imagine I ever made enemies. But like all men in battle, I faced horrors too cruel to describe Could he be someone who wants revenge? Does my past comes back to haunt me?<br><br>I still have those vivid dreams. Every night captain Evans dies in my arms again Again and again. I loved him as a brother God knows I tried to save him, but his wounds were too massive. I never felt so helpless and little in my entire life.<br><br>Well, today at the En Garde Fencing piste behind the Tavern at 01.00 pm, it finally will be decided for me. I was wondered how much support I got. The Gipsy family was extremely kind. One of their leaders even offered me his help. He is going to be my second They are a proud people indeed. Whatever the result will be, I am already in their debt.<br><br>I didnt dare to tell my infirmire. She would be too worried. I arranged that a close friend of mine will give her an amount of money when I pass away, so she will have a good life when Im gone. Thats the least I could do for her.<br><br>Well I am not afraid to die. Whatever the outcome, its Gods will. Friar Wasar will certainly agree on that. Maybe today I will find long lasting peace.<br><br><br>P.<br><br><br><br><br>]]></description>
                <pubDate>Mon, 08 Mar 2010 03:20:06 -0800</pubDate>
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                <title><![CDATA[Dear Diary - @docteur-panacek]]></title>
                <link>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/98/dear-diary</link>
                <guid>https://livinghistoryvw.com/docteur-panacek/blog/98</guid>
                <description><![CDATA[Aquitaine 14th of February 1768.<br><br><br>Dear diary,<br><br>its been a long time since i have written something. Maybe its better i start to write down again my thoughts, to clear my troubled mind....<br><br>I arrived in Aquitaine again, the quiet town i left a few months ago. It's good to be back. I can think and work here. So many books i still have to read. I love taking long walks at the countryside... The winter is fleeing and spring lurks around the corner... Flowers are preparing to blossom again. I am in love with the smell of roses and lilies... Can't wait till the summer...<br><br>Yesterday i attended the Timeless Romance Ball. I was surprised by all the splendor and people there. The Duke and Duchesses are very charming and warm hosts. The Grand Palais was decorated with plants and flowers everywhere. It must have costed a great deal of work to arrange all that... So many great looking outfits also.<br>I am never sure about myself, how to behave in such a crowd. I guess i am a loner after all. Some ladies wanted to dance with me, but i am afraid i made a complete fool out of myself... Awww the matters of the heart... I am ignorant regarding those i am afraid. I'd rather fix a dozen broken limbs than to unraffle the mysteries of a woman's needs....<br><br>Lucky my lovely assistante showed up. I first met her when i was still studying in Leiden. One day i had attended a lecture of the great Dr. Boerhaave, when i got out of the building and stumbled upon her... After we both got up, and i picked up all her scattered groceries.... we started to talk. She had lived a hard life, but was very intelligent and keen to learn. Since then we are a team. She helps me with some daily matters when i am at home and assists me with difficult operations. Sometimes, when i am on my travels, we don't see each other for months. But then again, when we meet, its... like coming home...<br>Dear diary, i am afraid i have been secretly in love with her all that time... If she ever finds out, i am afraid for what could happen...<br><br>I got the books i ordered today. Oh My God, i got the "Exercitatio anatomica de motu cordis et sanguinis in animalibus" ('The Anatomical Function of the Movement of the Heart and the Blood in Animals') from William Harvey. At last !!! I am so excited i found a nice copy. It costed me a fortune, but it is worth every penny...<br><br>Owwww my, i still keep having those terrible nightmares... Won't they ever go away? I better take some Laudanum tincture again tonight. Maybe i get some peace then....<br><br><br>P.<br><br><br>]]></description>
                <pubDate>Sun, 14 Feb 2010 08:55:35 -0800</pubDate>
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